框架中钢-混凝土组合梁等效弯曲刚度分析

框架体系中钢-混凝土组合梁在竖向荷载作用下的弯矩分布与其端部受到的转动约束条件密切相关,而在不同方向的弯矩作用下钢-混凝土组合梁截面的抗弯刚度又差异显著,要准确计算竖向荷载作用下组合梁的等效弯曲刚度必须充分考虑与其相连的梁柱变形对其端部产生的转动约束刚度。为此,采用分段刚度建立了框架中组合梁在竖向荷载作用下的等效刚度理论模型,以考虑不同梁端转动约束刚度和楼板开裂前后截面特性差异对组合梁等效刚度的影响。基于该理论模型进行大量参数分析,识别了影响组合梁等效弯曲刚度的两个关键参数：转动约束刚度与组合梁开裂后截面线刚度比和梁开裂前后截面刚度比,得到了随梁端转动约束刚度变化的组合梁在竖向荷载作用下等效弯曲刚度的计算式,在框架设计时可方便地用于组合梁的变形和内力计算。对比讨论了建议算式和现有公式的计算精度,并通过结构体系的非线性全过程分析对建议算式的合理性做了进一步的验证。理论分析和设计方法表明,组合梁在竖向均布荷载作用下的负弯矩区长度和等效弯曲刚度随梁端转动约束刚度变化显著,必须在设计中准确考虑。     

Measurement and correlation of viscosity of HFC227ea and HFC236fa in the vapor phase

The viscosities of HFC227ea and HFC236fa in vapor phase were measured with an oscillating disk viscometer of the Maxwell type at the temperature range from 300 to 370 K and pressures up to 2.0 MPa. The uncertainty of the reported viscosities was estimated to be within ±2.0% with a coverage factor of k = 2. The experimental viscosities at 0.1 MPa were employed to determine the intermolecular potential parameters with the aid of the extended law of corresponding states developed by Kestin et al. In addition, viscosity models in the vapor phase based on the friction theory at high pressures were correlated for both HFC227ea and HFC236fa.     

A new stall delay algorithm for predicting the aerodynamics loads on wind turbine blades for axial and yawed conditions

Stall delay is a complicated phenomenon that has gained for many years the attention of industry and academics in the fields of helicopter and wind turbine aerodynamics. Since most of the potential flow theories still rely on the use of 2D aerofoil data for simulating loads on a rotating blade, less degree of accuracy is expected because of 3D rotational effects. In this work, a new model for correcting the 2D steady aerodynamic data for 3D effects is presented. The model can reduce the uncertainty in the blade design process and, subsequently, make wind turbines more cost‐effective. This model combines the stall delay model of Corrigan and Schillings, a modified version of an inviscid stall delay model, a new modification factor to account for the effect of the angle of attack changes and a new tip loss factor. Furthermore, the model applies the use of the separation factor of Du and Selig to evaluate the area on the rotor disc where stall delay is most prominent. The new stall delay model was embedded in a free‐wake vortex model to estimate the aerodynamic loads on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase VI rotor blades consisting of the S809 aerofoil sections. The results in this study confirm the validity of the 3D corrections by the proposed new model under both axial and yawed flow conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Friction and wear properties of high-velocity oxygen fuel sprayed WC-17Co coating under rotational fretting conditions

Rotational fretting which exist in many engineering applications has incurred enormous economic loss. Thus, accessible methods are urgently needed to alleviate or eliminate damage by rotational fretting. Surface engineering is an effective approach that is successfully adopted to enhance the ability of components to resist the fretting damage. In this paper, using a high-velocity oxygen fuel sprayed(HVOF) technique WC-17 Co coating is deposited on an LZ50 steel surface to study its properties through Vickers hardness testing, scanning electric microscope(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), and X-ray diffractrometry(XRD). Rotational fretting wear tests are conducted under normal load varied from 10 N to 50 N, and angular displacement amplitudes vary from 0.125° to 1°. Wear scars are examined using SEM, EDX, optical microscopy(OM), and surface topography. The experimental results reveal that the WC-17 Co coating adjusted the boundary between the partial slip regime(PSR) and the slip regime(SR) to the direction of smaller amplitude displacement. As a result, the coefficients of friction are consistently lower than the substrate's coefficients of friction both in the PSR and SR. The damage to the coating in the PSR is very slight. In the SR, the coating exhibits higher debris removal efficiency and load-carrying capacity. The bulge is not found for the coating due to the coating's higher hardness to restrain plastic flow. This research could provide experimental bases for promoting industrial application of WC-17 Co coating in prevention of rotational fretting wear.     

Evaluation of standing‐sitting support system with passive rotational seat mechanism in standing motion

Since a decrease in muscle mass of elderly people, the physical burden of them in standing‐sitting motion of a seat are increasing than young people. For this problem, several standing‐sitting support systems have been developed, and evaluations of these systems focusing on a reduction of physical load have been discussed. However, these evaluations are of support systems with an active actuators or of support systems when they use a handrail and a standing aid. Thus, an evaluation of a support system with only passive actuators has not been reported. In this paper, in standing motion with using a standing‐sitting support system with passive rotational seat mechanism which our group proposes, we objectively evaluate an effectiveness of the passive rotational seat mechanism by statistical analysis.     

Densities and Viscosities of Oleic Acid at Atmospheric Pressure

The densities of oleic acid were measured over the temperature range from (293 to 459) K at atmospheric pressure using a densimeter based on the modified hydrostatic weighing method. The dynamic viscosities of the same oleic acid sample were measured using a capillary viscometer (VPZ-2 m) in the range from (293 to 363) K at atmospheric pressure. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, atmospheric pressure, viscosity, and temperature measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15%, 1.0%, 3.5%, and 15 mK, respectively. The values of uncertainty for density and viscosity include the effects of purity and calibration (total expanded uncertainty). These experimental data were used to develop wide-range correlations for the density and viscosity based on theoretically confirmed Arrhenius–Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) models. The value of the glass temperature ( T _g= 179.78 K.) for the oleic acid was estimated using the VTF parameters derived from the present viscosity measurements. To additionally validate the reliability of the measured density data, the same oleic acid samples were measured using the pycnometric method. The present study showed that the densities measured using the modified hydrostatic weighing densimeter (HWD) agree with the values obtained using the pycnometric method within 0.09% for Sample 1 and 0.25% for Sample 2.     

Modelling and analysis of bacterial tracks suggest an active reorientation mechanism in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Most free-swimming bacteria move in approximately straight lines, interspersed with random reorientation phases. A key open question concerns varying mechanisms by which reorientation occurs. We combine mathematical modelling with analysis of a large tracking dataset to study the poorly understood reorientation mechanism in the monoflagellate species Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The flagellum on this species rotates counterclockwise to propel the bacterium, periodically ceasing rotation to enable reorientation. When rotation restarts the cell body usually points in a new direction. It has been assumed that the new direction is simply the result of Brownian rotation. We consider three variants of a self-propelled particle model of bacterial motility. The first considers rotational diffusion only, corresponding to a non-chemotactic mutant strain. Two further models incorporate stochastic reorientations, describing ‘run-and-tumble’ motility. We derive expressions for key summary statistics and simulate each model using a stochastic computational algorithm. We also discuss the effect of cell geometry on rotational diffusion. Working with a previously published tracking dataset, we compare predictions of the models with data on individual stopping events in R. sphaeroides. This provides strong evidence that this species undergoes some form of active reorientation rather than simple reorientation by Brownian rotation.     

Role of Base Plate Rotational Speed in Controlling Spheroid Size Distribution and Minimizing Oversize Particle Formation During Spheroid Production by Rotary Processing

The occurrence of material adhesion and formation of oversize particles in the product yield during one-pot spheroid production by rotary processing leads to a less predictable process and a decrease in the usable portion of the total product yield obtained from each production run. The use of variable speeds of the rotating frictional base plate during the spheronization run was investigated for achieving optimal spheroid production. When the base plate speed was increased during liquid addition, the greater centrifugal forces generated improved liquid distribution and the mixing of the moist powder mass, resulting in a decrease in the amount of oversize particles formed. When the base plate was maintained at a high speed throughout the run, the amount of oversize particles and mean spheroid size increased, and a greater “between batch” mean spheroid size variability was also observed. The findings showed that, when higher speeds were used, the residence time must be adjusted accordingly to avoid excessive coalescence and growth while maintaining even liquid distribution. A “low-high-low” speed variation during rotary processing may be used to produce spheroids with a narrow size distribution and with a minimal amount of oversize particles in the total product yield.     

旋转电弧MAG焊强迫短路过渡电流信号滤波

研究了MAG焊旋转电弧V形坡口扫描焊接电流的变化特征,发现当电弧扫描到坡口两侧时,由于电极高度变小,会产生强迫短路熔滴过渡.在短路过渡的瞬间会产生较大的峰值电流,对旋转电弧传感器的检测灵敏度造成影响.为此提出了基于空间邻域的均值滤波和软阈值小波滤波组合算法,对实际焊接电流信号进行了滤波处理,并研究了该算法的实时性.结果表明,该算法可以使电流波形得到明显的改善,并具有较强的实时性,为焊枪偏差识别奠定了基础.     

Molecular Alignment Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Its Impact on Molecular Motion

Spectroscopy aims at extracting information about matter through its interaction with light. However, when performed on gas and liquid phases as well as solid phases lacking long-range order, the extracted spectroscopic features are in fact averaged over the molecular isotropic angular distributions. The reason is that light–matter processes depend on the angle between the transitional molecular dipole and the polarization of the light interacting with it. This understanding gave birth to the constantly expanding field of “laser-induced molecular alignment”. In this paper, we attempt to guide the readers through our involvement (both experimental and theoretical) in this field in the last few years. We start with the basic phenomenon of molecular alignment induced by a single pulse, continue with selective alignment of close molecular species and unidirectional molecular rotation induced by two time-delayed pulses, and lead up to novel schemes for manipulating the spatial distributions of molecular samples through rotationally controlled scattering off inhomogeneous fields and surfaces.